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Massage bed ceragem12/10/2023 Recent work indicates that the increase in circulation during passive heating is largely driven by local temperature gradients ( 13), implying that the magnitude of circulation increase may be predicted with knowledge of the local temperature. Understanding the relationship between these numerous parameters and the resulting physiological changes is critical to such optimization efforts.Ī central question in thermal therapies pertains to target engagement: given a targeted region (e.g., a specified muscle group), what is the required temperature that must be applied to the surface in order to produce the desired increase in blood flow to the target? Addressing this question requires knowledge of the temperature distribution produced throughout the volume during passive heating, as well as the quantitative relationship between the temperature distribution and resulting change in circulation. continuous), intensity (temperature), duration, and position may be individualized to maximize therapeutic benefit. Such devices allow in-home, self-managed treatment that may potentially leverage the numerous degrees of freedom governing the stimulation “dose.” In theory, stimulation parameters such as temporal dynamics (pulsed vs. For example, automatic thermal-mechanical massage beds are equipped with multi-axis traction and far-infrared thermal projectors ( 10– 12). Medical devices that provide thermal stimulation are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Understanding the distribution of tissue heating-the specific goal of the present study-is an essential first step in developing quantitative models of bio-thermomechanical responses. Heating also increases the rate of local tissue metabolism ( 5) and the elasticity of connective tissue ( 8, 9), both of which may in turn promote pain relief. Heat transduction is mediated by the TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor, whose activation may modulate antinociceptive pathways ( 7). The vasodilation and increased blood flow generated by thermal stimulation results in an increased supply of nutrients and oxygen to the affected tissue ( 4– 6). Several candidate mechanisms may mediate the therapeutic effect of heat therapy. The increased circulation produced by passive heating has been exploited in multiple therapeutic settings, most notably in the management of pain ( 3). These predictions are consistent with prior clinical observations of therapeutic benefits derived from spinal thermal massage.ĭirect application of heat to the skin is known to increase blood flow ( 1, 2), an essential physiological response that also removes excess heat actively produced during metabolism and exercise. Importantly, due to the rapid (non-linear) increase of circulation with local temperature, this is expected to increase blood flow four-fold (4x) at depths occupied by deep tissue and muscle. Our findings indicate that thermal massage increases tissue temperature by 3–8☌ and 1–3☌ at depths of 2 and 3 cm, respectively. Energy transfer across nine tissues was simulated with finite element modeling (FEM) and the resulting heating was coupled to blood flow with an empirically-guided model of temperature-dependent circulation. Here we specifically estimated the tissue temperature and increased circulation under steady-state conditions for typical thermal actuator settings (i.e., 45–65☌). ![]() ![]() To that end, we developed an MRI-derived model of the lower back and simulated the physiological effects of a commercial thermal-mechanical massage bed. As the devices become more sophisticated (increasing the degrees of freedom), it is essential to identify the settings that best target the desired tissue. ![]() Automatic thermal and mechanical massage beds support self-managed treatment, including reduction of pain and stress, enhanced circulation, and improved mobility.
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